In the light of the last week or so - and the direct challenge to the Guardian Newspaper and retractions from other newspapers from Grand Lodge regarding the "discrimination" against Freemasons, I was interested to read this article on one of my Masonic Lists which dealt with an analysis back in 1991 by the (then) Grand Secretary John Hammil. An analysis of how the Grand Lodge got into the situation it did - from being a most respected organisation in 1939 to a pariah by the 70's ....
In talking about John Hammil ....
In 1991 he made a masonic lecture tour in Australia and gave
lecsit Strong Man Lodge in London lectures on various masonic subjects. One of them
was “Contemporary Anti-Masonry in England,” which is found in Masonic
Perspectives - The Collected Paper of John Hamill published by The
Australian Masonic Research Council in 1992.
More than 30 years ago, in the mid-1980s, anti-Masonic
hysteria took place in England. The late Stephen Knight’s book, The
Brotherhood, which was released in early 1984 touched it off. UGLE had been
using a press cutting service which provided copies of national and local news
articles about Freemasonry published in the British Isles, according to Bro.
John: “Up to January 1984 we were lucky if we got 60 or 70 small cuttings per
year. Throughout 1984, 1985 and part of 1986 there were times when we were
getting 70 to 80 press cuttings per day. That was the sort of effect it had. As
a result of that we brought in changes. Our Grand Master acted and made the
major change in policy. We had a lot of problems persuading our Brethren what we
were doing was for the good of the Craft.” So the Grand Master took the
initiative to deal with the unfavorable situations in a positive manner and UGLE
changed its passive policy and started taking proactive and positive steps. As I
recall, mainly Bro. John and the then Grand Secretary, Commander Michael Higham,
handled media relations and performed other related work, serving as spokesmen
of UGLE.
The purpose of his paper was to examine the nature of attacks
observed in the previous eight years or so; their source and why they should
occur; and the actions taken by UGLE to deal with and counter the attacks. He
categorized those attacks into three groups: that Freemasonry is a secret
society; that Freemasonry is a hidden agency for control in national and local
government; and that Freemasonry is an agency for corruption and
malpractice.
I have excerpted from this very informative paper the section
in which he explains the circumstances under which UGLE moved to take the
actions it took to deal with such attacks:
*****
For some reason, which has not yet been established, Grand
Lodge began to look in on itself in the late 1930s and the desire for privacy
spread downwards to individual Freemasons. This trend was greatly helped by the
outbreak of World War II in 1939 when the population as a whole began to foster
privacy, out of a fear of spies and fifth columnists in the face of an all too
possible German invasion. When peace returned in 1945 and the populace rushed to
get back to normality, unhappily Freemasonry continued to look inwards, was
over-protective of its privacy and made no public response to media comments on
Freemasonry, whether in favour of or against Freemasonry. Regrettably it reached
the stage where brethren did not even speak about Freemasonry within their
families or circle of friends. As a result Freemasonry became divorced from the
society in which it existed and generations grew up who, unless a member of
their family or a friend was a Freemason, did not know of its existence unless
it was brought to their attention by the media.
Grand Lodge's policy of "no comment" on comments from outside
Freemasonry was perhaps the largest contributor to the present problems.
Initially it was a good policy and had the effect of defusing or turning into a
three-day wonder any nonsense the media tried to stir up. If the other side does
not respond there cannot be an argument. Unhappily the world has changed and
from about the mid-1960s a polite "no comment" was taken as an admission that
there was probably something in the story - the "no smoke without fire"
syndrome. The less scrupulous in the profession of journalism quickly realised
that they could print any nonsense they liked about Freemasonry, provided that
they observed the laws of libel, without any fear of any official reaction or
correction. The combination of the intense desire for privacy and the nonsense
journalists were able to get away with meant that the general public in England
had very little factual and accurate information against which to gauge the
nonsense they had read in the press. As no official comment or reaction was made
it is not surprising that an aura of suspicion grew up around Freemasonry.
Grand Lodge was faced with a dilemma in 1984. With the Knight
book, and the media reaction to it, it was obvious that something had to be done
- particularly as suspicion about Freemasonry was beginning to affect the
careers of some brethren who were open about their membership. It was the MW The
Grand Master himself (HRH The Duke of Kent KG) who gave the lead. In his address
to Grand Lodge in March 1984 he stated his belief that the time had come to
alter the traditional response of "no comment". He emphasised that he was not
suggesting a full-blown public relations campaign and certainly not a recruiting
drive but he believed that ways could and should be found of better informing
the public as to the nature, purposes and history of Freemasonry and of
countering factual errors appearing in the media.
The MW The Grand Master having spoken, it fell to the Board
of General Purposes to implement his suggestions. They set up a small
Information Committee to investigate and report back to the Board. The
Information Committee quickly realised that it had a double job to perform, for
channels of communication within the Craft itself left much to be desired and if
the Craft was to be seen to speak with one voice it too would have to be
educated. A number of major new policy decisions were taken:
1. The Grand Secretary was to be official spokesman on
national matters and Provincial Grand Masters were asked to appoint local
spokesmen to deal with local matters.
2. A Grand Secretary's newsletter was introduced and copies
were provided for every member of the Craft so that within three weeks of every
quarterly meeting of Grand Lodge each member of a lodge would be aware of what
had taken place.
3. A series of leaflets on the topics What is
Freemasonry, Freemasonry and Society, Freemasonry and
Religion and Freemasonry and External Relations were developed.
Initially published to aid brethren in discussing Freemasonry with their
families and friends they quickly became used to provide basic information to
non-Masons.
4. When any organisation announced that they were to inquire
into Freemasonry the Grand Secretary was empowered to write to them and to offer
to discuss Freemasonry in general or any particular problems they might
have.
5. Although non-Masons had been able to visit Freemasons'
Hall and the Grand Lodge Library and Museum for many years as guests of members,
the Hall was opened to the general public and in 1986 a permanent public
exhibition telling the story of English Freemasonry was opened by the Grand
Master, with the full panoply of the media present, and in the first three years
it was open over 70,000 people have visited it.
6. Errors of fact or interpretation in newspapers and
magazines are quickly corrected by means of letters to the Editor and official
spokesmen take part in radio and television interviews.
7. In 1987 Grand Lodge produced a thirty-minute video,
The Freemasons, showing what Freemasonry is today, a little of its
history, what it stands for and examples of the charity work carried out both
within Masonic charities and Masonic assistance to non-Masonic charities.
The list might not appear long but it has involved an
enormous amount of "back room" work. It is only fair to ask how successful it
has been. The problems to be tackled have been enormous, changes in public
opinion do not occur overnight, but a number of achievements have been made:
A. The public are now aware that there is an alternative view
to the views they receive from the media and anti-Masonic writings. They are
also becoming aware that there are sources of accurate information available to
them.
B. The media are now very much aware that any nonsense they
write about Freemasonry will be challenged immediately. The more sensible in the
fraternity of journalism now contact either Grand Lodge or a local spokesman to
verify details of stories they have picked up.
C. Groups seeking to inquire into Freemasonry know that they
can now discuss Freemasonry with authoritative spokesmen and that if they
misinterpret Freemasonry they will be challenged, and have been. A notable
success occurred when the London Borough of Hackney attempted to blame problems
within the authority on Freemasonry's influence within the administration. At
great expense they employed a Queen's Council to make an independent inquiry. As
an independent lawyer he was given unprecedented confidential assistance by
Grand Lodge and to the chagrin of the local authority proved conclusively that
Freemasonry had nothing to do with the problems in the authority, which were a
result of maladministration and lack of executive control.
D. The Craft in general is becoming more aware of itself and
as a result of that awareness more willing to talk about Freemasonry with
families and friends and so spreading more knowledge amongst the public and
killing the idea that Freemasonry is a secret society.
The struggle has been and will continue to be an uphill one.
There are still those who will never be convinced that Freemasonry, far from
being a conspiracy, is in fact a force for good in society, but gains are being
made regularly. The reaction to the recently published follow-up to Stephen
Knight's The Brotherhood [Martin Short’s Inside the Brotherhood
Further Secret of the Freemasons, 1989] has been interesting. The national
media has largely ignored it. It has had a lot of interest in local newspapers
but the comments have been evenly divided between those who wished to promote a
sensation and those who recognised the book for what it is - another addition to
the long list of conspiracy theory books bearing little relation to actual
facts.
As with any major policy change there were difficulties in
persuading many English brethren that change was necessary and that the change
would not exacerbate the problem. Having seen how Grand Lodge has handled the
problems, the majority are now convinced that the change was right and will
ensure the future of English Freemasonry. Having started from a defensive
position those involved in the policy change have now been able to move to
positive action. In an ideal world none of us would have problems but we live in
an all too human world. There will always be those who will decry any
organisation which works for good. Rather than converting everyone to
Freemasonry what we would like to see in England is a return to the pre-1939
situation with Freemasonry being recognised as a perfectly normal part of the
social fabric, working for the good of society.
We are moving slowly from 1991 I think - but it is still taking time ....
Something to drink to...
Cheers
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